THE
WORKING OF STEEL

ANNEALING, HEAT TREATING
AND
HARDENING OF CARBON AND ALLOYSTEEL

BY

FRED H. COLVIN

Member American Society of Mechanical Engineers and Franklin Institute;Editor of the American Machinist, Author of "Machine ShopArithmetic," "Machine Shop Calculations," "AmericanMachinists' Hand Book."

AND

K. A. JUTHE, M.E.

Chief Engineer, American Metallurgical Corp. Member American SocietyMechanical Engineers, American Society Testing Materials, HeatTreatment Association, Etc.

SECOND EDITION
THIRD IMPRESSION

McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY, Inc.
NEW YORK: 370 SEVENTH AVENUE
LONDON: 6 & 8 BOUVERIE ST., E. C. 4

Page vPREFACE TO SECOND EDITION

Advantage has been taken of a reprinting to revise, extensively,the portions of the book relating to the modern science ofmetallography. Considerable of the matter relating to the influenceof chemical composition upon the properties of alloy steels hasbeen rewritten. Furthermore, opportunity has been taken to includesome brief notes on methods of physical testing—whereby themetallurgist judges of the excellence of his metal in advance ofits actual performance in service.

NEW YORK, N. Y.,

August, 1922.

Page viPREFACE TO FIRST EDITION

The ever increasing uses of steel in all industries and the necessityof securing the best results with the material used, make a knowledgeof the proper working of steel more important than ever before.For it is not alone the quality of the steel itself or the alloysused in its composition, but the proper working or treatment ofthe steel which determines whether or not the best possible usehas been made of it.

With this in mind, the authors have drawn, not only from theirown experience but from the best sources available, informationas to the most approved methods of working the various kinds ofsteel now in commercial use. These include low carbon, high carbonand alloy steels of various kinds, and from a variety of industries.The automotive field has done much to develop not only new alloys butefficient methods of working them and has been drawn on liberallyso as to show the best practice. The practice in government arsenalson steels used in fire arms is also given.

While not intended as a treatise on steel making or metallurgy inany sense, it has seemed best to include a little information asto the making of different steels and to give considerable generalinformation which it is believed will be helpful to those who desireto become familiar with the most modern methods of working steel.

It is with the hope that this volume, which has endeavored to givedue credit to all sources of information, may prove of value toits readers and through them to the industry at large.

July, 1921.

THE AUTHORS.

Page viiCONTENTS

PREFACE
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER
I. ...

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