Independence National Historical Park, Philadelphia, Pa.
{DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR · March 3, 1949}
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Douglas McKay, Secretary
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
Conrad L. Wirth, Director
HISTORICAL HANDBOOK NUMBER SEVENTEEN
This publication is one of a series of handbooks describing thehistorical and archeological areas in the National Park Systemadministered by the National Park Service of the United StatesDepartment of the Interior. It is printed by the GovernmentPrinting Office, and may be purchased from the Superintendent ofDocuments, Washington 25, D. C. Price 25 cents
INDEPENDENCE
National Historical Park, Philadelphia, Pa.
by
Edward M. Riley
{Liberty Bell}
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE HISTORICAL HANDBOOK SERIES No. 17
Washington, D. C., 1954
The National Park System, of which IndependenceNational Historical Park is a unit, is dedicated to theconservation of America’s scenic, scientific, and historicheritage for the benefit and enjoyment of the people.
{NATIONAL PARK SERVICE · DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR}
 Contents
THE PROVINCIAL STATE HOUSE 2
TWO CENTURIES OF INDEPENDENCE HALL 7
THE STATE HOUSE AND INDEPENDENCE 11
“TO FORM A MORE PERFECT UNION” 20
AFTER 1800 31
INDEPENDENCE SQUARE 37
EVOLUTION OF A SHRINE 41
STORY OF A SYMBOL 52
GUIDE TO THE AREA 61
HOW TO REACH THE PARK 67
SERVICE TO THE PUBLIC 67
ADMINISTRATION 67
RELATED AREAS 68
Independence Hall. Photo by R. G. Magill.
1
“The United States was created inPhiladelphia on July 4, 1776, when theContinental Congress voted the final formof the Declaration of Independence. TheUnited States was perpetuated on September17, 1787, when the Federal Convention completedits work on the Constitution and referredit, through Congress, to the individualstates for ratification. Both these great decisionswere made in the same chamber inwhat is now called Independence Hall, butwas then the Pennsylvania                        
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