CASSELL'S
HISTORY OF ENGLAND

FROM THE WARS OF THE ROSES
TO THE GREAT REBELLION

WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS,
INCLUDING COLOURED
AND REMBRANDT PLATES

VOL. V

THE KING'S EDITION

CASSELL AND COMPANY, LIMITED
LONDON, NEW YORK, TORONTO AND MELBOURNE

MCMIX


ALL RIGHTS RESERVED


[v]

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.

REIGN OF GEORGE III. (continued). PAGE

Napoleon's Desire for an Heir—The Archduchess Maria Louisa—The Divorce determined upon—The Marriage—Napoleonquarrels with his Family—Abdication of Louis Buonaparte—Napoleon's bloated Empire—Affairs of Sweden—Choiceof Bernadotte as King—He forms an Alliance with Russia and Britain—His Breach with Napoleon—Insanityof George III.—Preparations for a Regency—Restrictions on the Power of the Regent—FutileNegotiations of the Prince of Wales with Grey and Grenville—Perceval continued in Power—The King'sSpeech—Reinstatement of the Duke of York—The Currency Question—Its Effect on the Continent—Wellington'sDifficulties—Massena's Retreat—His Defeat at Sabugal—Surrender of Badajoz to the French—Battle of Barrosa—Wellingtonand Massena—Battles of Fuentes d'Onoro and Albuera—Soult's Retreat—End of the Campaign—OurNaval Supremacy continues—Birth of an Heir to Napoleon—Elements of Resistance to his Despotism—Session of1812—Discussions on the Civil List—Bankes's Bill—Assassination of Perceval—Renewed Overtures to Grey andGrenville—Riots in the Manufacturing Districts—Wellington's Preparations—Capture of Ciudad Rodrigo andBadajoz—Wellington and Marmont—Battle of Salamanca—Wellington enters Madrid—Victor's Retreat—Incapacityof the Spaniards—The Sicilian Expedition—Wellington's Retreat—Its Difficulties—Wellington's Defence of hisTactics—A Pause in the War 1

CHAPTER II.

THE REIGN OF GEORGE III. (continued).

Rancour of the Americans towards England—Their Admiration of Napoleon—The Right of Search and consequentDisputes—Madison's warlike Declaration—Opposition in Congress—Condition of Canada—Capture of Michilimachimac—AnArmistice—Repulse of the Invasion of Canada—Naval Engagements—Napoleon and the Czar determineon War—Attempts to dissuade Napoleon—Unpreparedness of Russia—Bernadotte's Advice to Alexander—Rashnessof Napoleon—Policy of Prussia, Austria and Turkey—Overtures to England and Russia—Napoleon goes to the Front—Hisextravagant Language—The War begins—Disillusion of the Poles—Difficulties of the Advance—Bagrationand Barclay de Tolly—Napoleon pushes on—Capture of Smolensk—Battle of Borodino—The Russians evacuateMoscow—Buonaparte occupies the City—Conflagrations burst out—Desperate Position of Affairs—Murat andKutusoff—Defeat of Murat—The Retreat begins—Its Horrors—Caution of Kutusoff—Passage of the Beresina—Napoleonleaves the Army—His Arrival in Paris—Results of the Campaign—England's Support of Russia—Closeof 1812—Wellington's improved Prospects—He advances against Joseph Buonaparte—Battle of Vittoria—Retreatof the French—Soult is sent agai

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